To recap just a tad, you have 12VDC at your new battery with a fresh charge. You slap ignition switch and suddenly you have power... OK... here is what I would do with the bike...
The ground cable didn't look particularly bad. Go ahead and replace them and coat the ends of the new ground and positive cables with dielectic grease. I readily agree that a cable that looks OK will sometimes be corroded UNDER the cable cover. Once you have replaced these cables, note that power comes from the fuse area and goes along the wire harness to the ignition switch. It goes through a major connector between the harness and ignition switch. Remove the positive lead from your battery when doing any further work...
OK, with this connector open, slightly bend the male prongs... take an emory board and swipe them slightly with an emory board to remove any corrosion. Get some spray contact cleaner and spray them. Once they dry, get some dielectic grease and coat the male prongs and cover the female. Put the connector together and then put a wire tie around the two halves. Tie it where it won't loosen from getting bumped. Oh yeah, the connector is in the headlight shell if memory serves.
The ignition switch itself may be a problem. Rather than take this thing apart, inspect the back to ensure you see no corrosion or bare wires. If you do, Emgo makes a replacement switch. You will then need two keys... one for the ignition and one for the seat and fork lock, etc... The switch plugs right in and you can get one from
www.z1enterprises.com. They are not real expensive.
Out of the ignition switch is yet another connector which I think is ALSO in the headlight shell but you will have to trace. Clean and secure it in the same manner. It connects to the kill switch/right hand switch gear assembly.
Your right hand switch gear assembly (kill switch) carries the current that powers everything on the bike. It goes through the kill switch so open that thing up and make sure contacts are clean. The kill switch, in particular, is a problem area as this mechanism wears (plastic) and contact becomes poor.
Out of the kill switch, is yet ANOTHER connector and this one is on the right side of your frame where the right hand switch gear connects back into the wiring harness. This is a very big problem area and this connector seems to loosen more than the others. Again, go through the connector tightening and cleaning steps.
If you do this stuff, you will probably fix many of your problems but you had blown fuses... these may have been from a LOOSE connection BUT you may have a bare wire. Look in the headlight shell for a bare wire that touches metal.
hope this babble helps. After you have done your cleaning, you can reconnect the battery and check the voltage at every step in this path by turning the key on and checking the power wire to ensure that power is making its way along this path. You may want to consult a wiring diagram to figure out which wire should have 12VDC in each connector.