Well, I was just tightening the cap down by the two bolts through the doweled corners... I guess maybe that's a no-no. It was going down nicely, no binding or anything... Everything was aligned well. I honestly have no idea what made it snap like that. If it was binding against something, I would expect to see part of the aluminum gouged out, but there was no evidence of that. So next time, I will be tightening in a criss-cross pattern and by a half turn per bolt each time to hopefully avoid another boo-boo.
If it was binding enough to snap that cap, don't you think it would have stripped the threads in the head? I guess not. The fracture of the aluminum leads me to believe that it was just very brittle. There was no bending whatsoever, it just snapped.
Oh! Another potentially complicating factor was that I hadn't removed the cam chain tensioner completely - I had removed the cross wedge, but not the push rod. Still don't think that would matter, but I've been wrong before.